In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro proposed his now
famous hypothesis:
Equal volumes of gases at same temperature and pressure contain
equal numbers of molecules.
In
recognition of this new idea, the number of particles in 22.4 liters of gas
at STP (1 atm/0°C) is called Avogadro's number. Although Avogadro had no idea
what the actual number of particles might be, his hypothesis did lead
to the eventual determination of this number as 6.02 x 1023
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